关于物流服务模式的文献综述范文

第三方物流文献综述摘 要：本文以国内外学者对第三方物流的研究现状为基础，首先对第三方物流的定义进行 汇总。

进一步提出了中国第三方物流所面临的问题，然后，基于这些问题，有针对性的论述 了一些解决办法： 包括第三方物流的选择与评价标准， 信息共享， 政府政策以及激励策略等。 关键词： 关键词：第三方物流；信息共享；物流外包；核心竞争力；逆向选择；道德风险 1. 第三方物流研究背景 1.1 第三方物流定义。

第三方物流（TPL）概念始于 20 世纪 60 年代，源于管理学中的英文 单词 Outsourcing，又称外包物流，由于物流外包后，物流的提供方与需求方形成一种契约 关系，所以第三方物流又称契约物流。关于第三方物流的一个较为认可的普遍解释为：由供 方和需方之外的第三方来管理物流或部分物流作业的一种运作模式。

我国国家标准 《物流术 语》中， 将第三方物流定义为： “由供方与需方以外的物流企业提供物流服务的业务模式”。 （百度百科）由此可见，第三方物流的“第三方”是独立于供方和需方，即所谓的第一方和 第二方之外的第三方，有一定的物流基础设施或专业的物流管理知识的服务型企业。

如今， 关于第三方物流的国内外定义并无太大差异，本文也不做详细区分。 1.2 第三方物流发展前景。

当今社会，经济一体化趋势越来越明显，企业之间的竞争变得越 来越激烈，专业化趋势越来越明显。于是，企业与企业之间在核心竞争力的竞争变得越发明 显，越来越多的企业为了把精力专注于核心竞争力上，把非核心业务外包出去。

物流以其复 杂性与特殊性，成为外包的热门对象，尤其在中国，第三方物流呈现出空前的发展速度。复 杂性表现在：物流活动的多样性，包括运输、仓储、包装、分配等；物流管理的复杂性，需 要协调物流内部部门的业务利益冲突，又要配合上游的供应商，下游的销售部门或销售商； 物流财务统计与成本控制的模糊性等。

特殊性表现在：自营物流需要大规模的基础设施，很 多企业，尤其是中小企业很难实现；一般情况下，物流并非企业核心竞争力，且管理物流需 要投入太多精力； 第三方物流企业可以利用自身专业化的物流管理经验， 或强大的基础设施， 为物流外包企业带来巨大的规模效应和众多增值服务，等等。 2. 我国第三方物流存在的问题及研究现状 2.1 存在的问题。

我国第三方物流和外国相比尚处于发展阶段， 我国经济的快速发展与国际 市场竞争环境的一体化与专业化趋势， 为其快速发展提供了便利条件， 但由于我国第三方物 流市场的不成熟，许多问题也相继出现并引起人们的重视。李瑞彩、张琨、李松将这些问题 归纳为如下五点：（1）交通运输利用不充分；（2）物流业管理体制不完善；（3）物流企 业专业管理人才缺乏；（4）我国物流业对现代科技手段的忽视；（5）企业核心竞争力需 要加强。

而刘静将这些问题归纳为四点：（1）物流观念比较落后；（2）基础设施落后缺 乏专业人才；（3）企业规模小，管理水平与服务水平低；信息化标准化水平低。总之，他 们对问题的归纳没有太大出入， 只是观察的视角与侧重点不同。

这些问题的归纳是从中国整 体物流业的角度考虑的。问题的解决方法，如若从大而全的观念出发，必然在可行性、实用 性、以及在详细程度上有所欠缺，所以，大多数学者还是从不同的侧重点，基于一定的工具 和理论，对不同问题进行建模和论证，具体研究情况，下文将做详细综述。

2.2 第三方物流研究现状。目前，关于物流与外包企业之间关系的研究已经很多，但现在面 对的问题是： 由于不同外包企业业务活动的特殊性， 使之需要有相对应的物流管理与服务配 套，所以当前的大多数研究是基于案例展开的，这种研究势必缺乏一般性。

韩超群，基于演 化博弈的角度， 研究了第三方物流与制造企业之间的关系， 指出双方的合作关系是普遍存在 的，博弈双方的支付矩阵相关，并受到初始状态影响；于淼从第三方物流企业的特点为切入 点，证明第三方物流与外包企业之间实施客户关系管理的重要性和必要性。 关于物流外包所形成的委托—代理关系， 信息不对称情况下所形成的逆向选择与道德风 险，委托代理双方的相互不信任，对此问题的分析与研究，众多学者对此进行了论证：从总 体上，江榕提出了六点解决办法： （1）加强物流市场环境规范与整顿，制止失信行为发生； （2）加强对物流服务提供商的调查与评价，审慎选择和评价第三方物流企业； （3）加强信息交流与共享，优化决策制定； （4）建立完善的监督激励和绩效考核制度，用制度来降低代理成本； （5）规范物流业务外包合同的签订和执行管理，避免先天的物流外包风险； （6）理顺政府和行业协会之间的关系，拓展行业协会的职能。

总之，关于第三方物流的种种问题，当前的研究层出不穷，下文将详细介绍在第三方 物流的选择与评估、第三方物流的监督激励与绩效评价、第三方物流信息技术的应用以及 信息共享模式，三个关注度比较高的问题上的研究成果，在此不再详细赘述。 3. 第三方物流的选择与评估 对物流服务提供商的选择与评价， 是打算进行物流外包的企业首当其冲的。

物流文献综述

文献综述格式及写作技巧（附文献综述范文）文献综述是在对文献进行阅读、选择、比较、分类、分析和综合的基础上，研究者用自己的语言对某一问题的研究状况进行综合叙述的情报研究成果。

文献的搜集、整理、分析都为文献综述的撰写奠定了基础。文献综述格式一般包括：文献综述的引言：包括撰写文献综述的原因、意义、文献的范围、正文的标题及基本内容提要；文献综述的正文：是文献综述的主要内容，包括某一课题研究的历史 （寻求研究问题的发展历程）、现状、基本内容 （寻求认识的进步）， 研究方法的分析（寻求研究方法的借鉴），已解决的问题和尚存的问题，重点、详尽地阐述对当前的影响及发展趋势，这样不但可以使研究者确定研究方向，而且便于他人了解该课题研究的起点和切入点，是在他人研究的基础上有所创新；文献综述的结论：文献研究的结论，概括指出自己对该课题的研究意见，存在的不同意见和有待解决的问题等；文献综述的附录：列出参考文献，说明文献综述所依据的资料，增加综述的可信度，便于读者进一步检索。

一、文献综述不应是对已有文献的重复、罗列和一般性介绍，而应是对以往研究的优点、不足和贡献的批判性分析与评论。因此，文献综述应包括综合提炼和分析评论双重含义。

文献综述范文1：“问题——探索——交流”小学数学教学模式的研究。 。

我们在网上浏览了数百种教学模式，下载了二百余篇有关教学模式的文章，研读了五十余篇。概括起来，我国的课堂教学模式可分三类：（1） 传统教学模式——“教师中心论”。

这类教学模式的主要理论根据是行为主义学习理论，是我国长期以来学校教学的主流模式。它的优点是。

。，它的缺陷是。

。（2） 现代教学模式——“学生中心论”。

这类教学模式的主要理论依据是建构主义学习理论，主张从教学思想、教学设计、教学方法以及教学管理等方面均以学生为中心，20世纪 90年代以来，随着信息技术在教学中的应用，得到迅速发展。它的优点是。

。，它的缺陷是。

。（3） 优势互补教学模式——“主导——主体论”。

这类教学模式是以教师为主导，以学生为主体，兼取行为主义和建构主义学习理论之长并弃其之短，是对“教师中心论”和“学生中心论”的扬弃。“主导——主体论”教学模式体现了辩证唯物主义认识论，但在教学实践中还没有行之有效的可以操作的教学方法和模式。

以教师为中心的传统小学数学教学模式可表述为“复习导入——传授新知——总结归纳——巩固练习——布置作业”。这种教学模式无疑束缚了学生学习主体作用的发挥。

当今较为先进的小学数学教学模式可表述为“创设情境，提出问题——讨论问题，提出方案——交流方案，解决问题——模拟练习，运用问题——归纳总结，完善认识”。这种教学模式力求重视教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用，为广大教师所接受，并在教学实践中加以运用。

但这种教学模式将学生的学习局限于课堂，学习方式是为数学而数学，没有把数学和生活结合起来，没有把学生学习数学置于广阔的生活时空中去，学生多角度多途径运用数学知识解决问题的能力受到限制，尤其是学生运用数学知识创造性地解决生活中的数学问题的能力发展受到限制，不利于培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。为此，我们提出“‘问题——探索——交流 ’小学数学教学模式研究”课题。

文献综述范文中，研究者对有关研究领域的情况有一个全面、系统的认识和了解，对相关文献作了批判性的分析与评论。对于正在从事某一项课题的研究者来说，查阅文献资料有助于他们从整体上把握自己研究领域的发展历史与现状、已取得的主要研究成果、存在争议的地方、研究的最新方向和趋势、被研究者忽视的领域、对进一步研究工作的建议等。

英语文献综述

Andre Maurois said that the motif used by most great writers is the passage from childhood to maturity and the disillusioning knowledge of truth. Charles Dickens uses this motif in Great Expectations to show the main character Pip as a well-rounded and developed character. Great Expectations follows Pip from a simple childhood to a lavish adulthood. He has a mysterious benefactor who helps him attain his rich lifestyle, and fills his head with hopes and dreams. When the benefactor turns out to be someone unexpected, he has trouble coming to grips with the harsh truth. As a real sign of maturity he then tries to make amends with those he had wronged.Throughout much of the novel, Pip had reasons to believe that a recluse named Miss Havisham was his benefactor. That led him to believe that she intended for her adopted daughter Estella to marry him. When it was discovered that the mystery person was actually a convict, Pip was faced with obstacles blocking his expectations. He was not really intended for Estella and the idea that a convict had given him so much money gave him shame. As a result, he pined away for a woman that he didn't have a chance with in the first place. He was not able to let go until a final confrontation in the end of the novel. Pip thought poorly of the convict, and wanted nothing to do with him. When he realized that the convict was more of a gentleman than he had been, he let the convict be closer to him rather than pushing him away.When Pip became an adult he moved to London, which was supposed to help him become both independent and a 'gentleman'. Even after that transition was achieved, he was still a child. He lived well beyond his means, spending large amounts on frivolous items such as extra clothes and furniture. The only good thing he did with his money was secretly supporting his friend and roommate Herbert. He reached a point where he began living frugally in attempt to pull out of debt. Pip had to reach a mature level of thought to assess his situation and realize his spending habits were not healthy.Among Pip's many false beliefs was the idea that his father figure Joe was simple and the opposite of a gentleman. Joe was a humble blacksmith, which contrasted to Pip's idea that gentlemen were rich socialites living the 'high life'. When Pip realized that his gentlemanly lifestyle was spoiling him (creating debt and arrogance) he became aware that his image of the ideal gentleman was wrong. He then went home to visit Joe and ask for forgiveness.'Maturity' is often used to describe a condition of full development and 'disillusion' means being freed from mistaken ideas. With these definitions in mind, it is easier to see how Maurois' idea is applicable to many works of literature. And it is more clear that his thought on motif is exemplified by Dickens'Great Expectations.。

物流文献综述

文献综述格式及写作技巧（附文献综述范文）

文献综述是在对文献进行阅读、选择、比较、分类、分析和综合的基础上，研究者用自己的语言对某一问题的研究状况进行综合叙述的情报研究成果。文献的搜集、整理、分析都为文献综述的撰写奠定了基础。

文献综述格式一般包括：

文献综述的引言：

包括撰写文献综述的原因、意义、文献的范围、正文的标题及基本内容提要；

文献综述的正文：

是文献综述的主要内容，包括某一课题研究的历史 （寻求研究问题的发展历程）、现状、基本内容 （寻求认识的进步）， 研究方法的分析（寻求研究方法的借鉴），已解决的问题和尚存的问题，重点、详尽地阐述对当前的影响及发展趋势，这样不但可以使研究者确定研究方向，而且便于他人了解该课题研究的起点和切入点，是在他人研究的基础上有所创新；

文献综述的结论：

文献研究的结论，概括指出自己对该课题的研究意见，存在的不同意见和有待解决的问题等；

文献综述的附录：

列出参考文献，说明文献综述所依据的资料，增加综述的可信度，便于读者进一步检索。

一、文献综述不应是对已有文献的重复、罗列和一般性介绍，而应是对以往研究的优点、不足和贡献的批判性分析与评论。因此，文献综述应包括综合提炼和分析评论双重含义。

文献综述范文1：“问题——探索——交流”小学数学教学模式的研究

。 。我们在网上浏览了数百种教学模式，下载了二百余篇有关教学模式的文章，研读了五十余篇。概括起来，我国的课堂教学模式可分三类：

(1) 传统教学模式——“教师中心论”。这类教学模式的主要理论根据是行为主义学习理论，是我国长期以来学校教学的主流模式。它的优点是。 。，它的缺陷是。 。

(2) 现代教学模式——“学生中心论”。这类教学模式的主要理论依据是建构主义学习理论，主张从教学思想、教学设计、教学方法以及教学管理等方面均以学生为中心，20世纪 90年代以来，随着信息技术在教学中的应用，得到迅速发展。它的优点是。 。，它的缺陷是。 。

(3) 优势互补教学模式——“主导——主体论”。这类教学模式是以教师为主导，以学生为主体，兼取行为主义和建构主义学习理论之长并弃其之短，是对“教师中心论”和“学生中心论”的扬弃。“主导——主体论”教学模式体现了辩证唯物主义认识论，但在教学实践中还没有行之有效的可以操作的教学方法和模式。

以教师为中心的传统小学数学教学模式可表述为“复习导入——传授新知——总结归纳——巩固练习——布置作业”。这种教学模式无疑束缚了学生学习主体作用的发挥。当今较为先进的小学数学教学模式可表述为“创设情境，提出问题——讨论问题，提出方案——交流方案，解决问题——模拟练习，运用问题——归纳总结，完善认识”。这种教学模式力求重视教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用，为广大教师所接受，并在教学实践中加以运用。但这种教学模式将学生的学习局限于课堂，学习方式是为数学而数学，没有把数学和生活结合起来，没有把学生学习数学置于广阔的生活时空中去，学生多角度多途径运用数学知识解决问题的能力受到限制，尤其是学生运用数学知识创造性地解决生活中的数学问题的能力发展受到限制，不利于培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。为此，我们提出“‘问题——探索——交流 ’小学数学教学模式研究”课题。

文献综述范文中，研究者对有关研究领域的情况有一个全面、系统的认识和了解，对相关文献作了批判性的分析与评论。对于正在从事某一项课题的研究者来说，查阅文献资料有助于他们从整体上把握自己研究领域的发展历史与现状、已取得的主要研究成果、存在争议的地方、研究的最新方向和趋势、被研究者忽视的领域、对进一步研究工作的建议等。

高分急求一篇物流外文翻译3000字以上好的可加分！！！

Analysis of the development of third-party logistics Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . " Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance. Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company. According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention. First, the advantages of using a third-party logistics The use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in: 1, focus on core business Manufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises. 2, cost-saving Professional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower. 3, reduction of inventory Third-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages. 4, enhance the corporate image Third-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition. Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics management The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers. Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the 。

求物流外文文献

Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another. Transport is performed by various modes, such as air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations.Infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, wharehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations) and seaports. Terminals may both be used for interchange of passengers and cargo, and for maintenance.Vehicles traveling on these networks include vehicles of appropriate types such as automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks people, helocopters and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode.Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but has a deteriorizing impact on the environment. While it is heavily subsidized by governments, good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow, and restrain urban sprawl.ModeMain article: Mode of transportA mode of transport is a technological solution that used a fundamentally different vehicle, infrastructure and operations. The transport of a person or cargo may be by one or more modes, the latter called intermodal transport. Each mode has its advantages and disadvantages, and will be chosen for a trip depended on the nature of the purpose, cargo and destination. While there transport in air and on water has their own mode, land transport has several modes.Human-powered transport remains common in developing countries[edit] Human-poweredMain article: Human-powered transportHuman-powered transport is the transport of person(s) and/or goods using human muscle-power. Like animal-powered transport, human-powered transport has existed since time immemorial in the form of walking, running and swimming. Modern technology has allowed machines to enhance human-power. Many forms of human-powered transport remain popular for reasons of cost-saving, leisure, physical exercise and environmentalism. Human-powered transport is sometimes the only type available, especially in underdeveloped or inaccessible regions. It is considered an ideal form of sustainable transportation.Although humans are able to walk without infrastructure, the transport can be enhanced through the use of roads, especially when enforcing the human power with vehicles, such as bicycles and inline skates. Human-powered vehicles have also been developed for highly encumbering environments, such as snow and water, by watercraft rowings and skiing; even the air can be entered with human-powered aircraft.[edit] Animal-poweredMain article: Animal-powered transportAnimal-powered transport is the use of working animals for the movement of people and goods. Humans may ride some of the animals directly, use them as pack animals for carrying goods, or harness them, alone or in teams, to pull sleds or wheeled vehicles. Animals are superior to people in their speed, endurance and carrying capacity; prior to the Industrial Revolution they were used for all land transport impracticable for people, and they remain an important mode of transport in less developed areas of the world.[edit] AirMain article: AviationScandinavian Airlines System MD-80 airliner at Kiruna Airport, SwedenA fixed-wing aircraft, commonly called airplane, is a heavier-than-air craft where movement of the air in relation to the wings is used to generate lift. The term is used to distinguish from rotary-wing aircraft, where the movement of the lift surfaces relative to the air generates lift. A gyroplane is both fixed-wing and rotary-wing. Fixed-wing aircraft range from small trainers and recreational aircraft to large airliners and military cargo aircraft.Two necessities for aircraft are air flow over the wings for lift, and an area for landing. The majority of aircraft also need an airport with the infrastructure to receive maintenance, restocking, refueling and for the loading and unloading of crew, cargo and passengers. While the 。