1. 四季的谚语

十二个月气象谚语：正月寒二月湿，正好时候春三月，暖四月，燥五月，热六月，湿七月，不冷不热是八月，九月凉，十月冷，冬腊两月冻冰雪。

四季风气象谚语：（1）五风十雨、五谷丰登；（2）久晴夜风雨，久雨夜风晴；（3）五月南风下大雨，六月南风飘飘晴；（4）南风吹暖北风寒，东风多湿西风干；（5）八月南风二日半，九月南风当日转；（6）西风腰里粗，东风两头大；（7）一年三季东南风，独有夏季东风晴；（8）一年四季西风晴，六月西风送人情。 四季雨气象谚语：（1）一场春雨一场暖；（2）急雨易晴，慢雨难开；（3）快雨快晴，快雪快晴；（4）热极生风，闷极生雨；（5）天热人又闷，有雨不用问；（6）一场秋雨一场寒，十场秋雨一场霜；（7）黄梅天里无星光，不久来日雨更狂。

四季云气象谚语：（1）梭子云定天晴；（2）云往东，刮阵风；（3）云往西，披蓑衣；（4）天上灰布悬，雨丝定连绵；（5）北山亮，南山不敢强；（6）棉花云，雨快临；（7）清晨宝塔云，下午雨倾盆；（8）山云起，大雨临；（9）西北开天锁，明朝大太阳；（10）乌头风，白头雨，一块乌云在头顶，再大风雨也不惊。 日月星辰气象谚语：（1）星星眨眼，有雨不远；（2）太阳笑，淋破庙；（3）日落射脚，三天内雨落；（4）大华晴，下华雨；（5）月亮胭脂红，无雨即是风；（6）日晕三更雨，月晕午时风；（7）夜里星光明，明朝依旧晴；（8）东虹日头西虹雨，南虹北虹气象异；（9）上午火烧云，下午雨涟涟。

雷鸣电闪气象谚语：（1）小暑一声雷，倒转做黄梅；（2）东闪日头西闪雨，南闪火门开，北闪有雨来；（3）立秋响雷，百日无霜；（4）雷打正月节，二月雨不歇；（5）雷声大，雨点小；（6）一日春雷十日雨；（7）雷公先唱歌，有雨也不多；（8）六月一雷打九台，七月一雷风就来。 霜雪冰雹气象谚语：（1）霜后南风连夜雨；（2）春霜不隔夜；（3）秋后北风紧，夜静有白霜；（4）雨夹雪，不停歇；（5）下雪不冷，化雪冷；（6）霜头雾，旱得井枯；（7）露水重，天气晴；（8）早晨地罩雾，尽管晒稻谷；（9）东南风生雾，西北风消雾；（10）闷雷带横闪，雹子大如碗。

2. 四季谚语

阳春布德泽，万物生光辉----------汉 乐府古辞《长歌行》不知细叶谁裁出，二月春风似剪刀--------唐 贺知章《咏柳》天街小雨润如酥，草色遥看近却无。

最是一年春好处，绝胜烟柳满皇都--唐 韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外》竹外桃花三两枝，春江水暖鸭先知。-----------宋•苏轼《惠崇春江晚景二首》等闲识得东风面，万紫千红总是春--------宋•朱熹《春日》沾衣欲湿杏花雨，吹面不寒杨柳风.----------南宋 志南和尚《绝句》乱花渐欲迷人眼，浅草才能没马蹄。

――――白居易〈〈钱塘湖春行〉〉月出惊山鸟，时鸣春涧中。 ―――――王维《鸟鸣涧》春潮带雨晚来急，野渡无人舟自横。

――――韦应物《滁州西涧》描写夏天的古诗接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红――――杨万里《晓出静慈寺送林子方》黄梅时节家家雨，青草池塘处处蛙--------宋•赵师秀《约客》芳菲歇去何须恨，夏木阴阴正可人-----------宋•秦观《三月晦日偶题》纷纷红紫已成尘，布谷声中夏令新 ---------宋•陆游《初夏绝句》描写秋天的古诗和描写秋天的名句落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色--------唐•王勃《秋日登洪府膝王阁饯别序》树树皆秋色，山山唯落晖-------------唐•王绩《野望》长风万里送秋雁，对此可以酣高楼--------唐•李白《宣州谢朓楼饯别校书叔云》八月秋高风怒号，卷我屋上三重茅---------唐•杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》红烛秋光冷画屏，轻罗小扇扑流萤.天阶夜色凉如水，卧看牵牛织女星-----唐•杜牧《秋夕》碧云天，黄叶地，秋色连波，波上寒烟翠-----------宋•范仲淹《苏幕遮》描写冬天的古诗和描写冬天的名句忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开---------岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》撒盐空中差可拟，未若柳絮因风起---------晋•谢道蕴《咏雪联句》燕山雪花大如席，纷纷吹落轩辕台----------唐•李白《北风行》千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。

--------唐•柳宗元《江雪》谁将平地万堆雪，剪刻作此连天花--------唐•韩愈《李花二首》六出飞花入户时，坐看青竹变琼枝---------唐•高骈《对雪》一场秋雨一场寒，十场秋雨穿上棉。早晨下雨当日晴，晚上下雨到天明。

雨打五更，日晒水坑。南风暖，北风寒，东风潮湿，西风干。

久雨冷风扫，天晴定可靠。满天乱飞云，雨雪下不停。

天上乌云盖，大雨来得快。有雨天边亮，无雨顶上光。

喜鹊枝头叫，出门晴天报。蚊子咬得怪，天气要变坏。

河里浮青苔，毕有大雨来。蚯蚓路上爬，雨水乱如麻，蝼蛄唱歌，天气晴和长虫过道，下雨之兆，蛤蟆哇哇叫，大雨就要到。

（1）五风十雨、五谷丰登；（2）久晴夜风雨，久雨夜风晴；（3）五月南风下大雨，六月南风飘飘晴；（4）南风吹暖北风寒，东风多湿西风干；（5）八月南风二日半，九月南风当日转；（6）西风腰里粗，东风两头大；（7）一年三季东南风，独有夏季东风晴；（8）一年四季西风晴，六月西风送人情。四季雨气象谚语：（1）一场春雨一场暖；（2）急雨易晴，慢雨难开；（3）快雨快晴，快雪快晴；（4）热极生风，闷极生雨；（5）天热人又闷，有雨不用问；（6）一场秋雨一场寒，十场秋雨一场霜；（7）黄梅天里无星光，不久来日雨更狂。

四季云气象谚语：（1）梭子云定天晴；（2）云往东，刮阵风；（3）云往西，披蓑衣；（4）天上灰布悬，雨丝定连绵；（5）北山亮，南山不敢强；（6）棉花云，雨快临；（7）清晨宝塔云，下午雨倾盆；（8）山云起，大雨临；（9）西北开天锁，明朝大太阳；（10）乌头风，白头雨，一块乌云在头顶，再大风雨也不惊。日月星辰气象谚语：（1）星星眨眼，有雨不远；（2）太阳笑，淋破庙；（3）日落射脚，三天内雨落；（4）大华晴，下华雨；（5）月亮胭脂红，无雨即是风；（6）日晕三更雨，月晕午时风；（7）夜里星光明，明朝依旧晴；（8）东虹日头西虹雨，南虹北虹气象异；（9）上午火烧云，下午雨涟涟。

3. 四级最常考的100句谚语,谁能告诉我

转1. A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 开头不好，结尾必糟。

2. A bad custom is like a good cake, better broken than kept. 蛋糕莫保留，坏习气要除掉。 3. A bad workman always blames his tools. 劣工咎器。

4. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 两鸟在林，不如一鸟在手。 5. A body without knowledge is like a house without a foundation. 人无知犹如房屋无基。

6. A book is like a garden carried in the pocket. 书是随时携带的花园。 7. A candle lights others and consumes itself. 蜡烛照亮了别人，燃尽了自己。

8. A door must be either shut or open. 门不关就得开，二者必居其一。 / 非此即彼。

9. A friend is a second self. 朋友是第二个自我。 10. A good beginning makes a good ending. 欲善其终 ， 必先善其始。

11. A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。 12. A lazy youth, a lousy age. 少年懒惰，老来贫苦。

13. A life without a friend is a life without a sun. 人生没有朋友，犹如生活没有阳光。 14. A little help is worth a deal of pity. 一次行动胜过一筐空话。

15. A little is better than none. 有一点总比没有好。 16. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，害已误人。

17. A little labour, much health. 常常走动，无病无痛。 18. A little learning is a dangerous thing. 浅学寡识是件危险的事。

19. A little of everything, and nothing at all. 样样皆通，样样稀松。 20. A man is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

21. A merry heart goes all the way. 心情愉快，办事痛快。 22. A picture is a poem without words. 画为无言诗。

23. A snow year, a good year. 瑞雪兆丰年。 24. A thing of beauty is a joy for ever. 美好的事物永远是一种快乐。

25. A thousand mile trip begins with one step. 千里之行，始于足下。 26. A tree is known by its fruit. 观其行而知其人。

27. A word spoken cannot be recalled. 一言说出，难以收回。 28. A word to the wise is enough. 聪明人不用细说。

29. A work ill done must be twice done. 工作未干好，只得重返工。 30. Act fairly by all men. 一视同仁。

31. Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 32. Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 困难和不幸不能使人富有，却能使人聪明。

33. After rain comes fair weather. 否极泰来。 34. After supper walk a mile. 饭后百步走，活到九十九。

35. All are not friends that speak us fair. 说好话的不一定都是朋友。 36. All beginnings are hard. 万事开头难。

37. All men can't be first. 并非所有的都能获第一。 38. All roads lead to Rome. 处处有路通长安。

39. All things are difficult before they are easy. 万事开头难。 40. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作而无娱乐会使人愚钝。

41. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一个苹果，医生不来找我。 42. An empty bag cannot stand upright. 空袋子放不真。

43. An evil lesson is soon learned. 学坏容易。 44. An honest man's word is as good as his bond. 君子一言，驷马难追。

45. An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 一日之计在于晨。 46. An idle youth, a needy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

47. An ill workman quarrels with his tools. 不会撑船怪河弯。 48. Art is long, life is short. 生有涯而知无涯。

49. As a man sows, so shall he reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 50. As one door closes, another door opens. 天无绝人之路。

51. As the wind blows, you must set your sail. 趁风扬帆。 52. As you brew, so you must drink. 自作自受。

53. Bad luck always comes in threes. 祸不单行。 54. Bad news travels fast. 坏事传千里。

55. Be slow in choosing a friend, slower in changing. 择友宜慎，弃之宜更慎。 56. Be slow to promise and quick to perform. 重诺守信。

57. Be swift to hear, slow to speak. 多听少说。 58. Beauty is but skin-deep. 不可以貌取人。

59. Beauty is truth, truth beauty. 美即是真，真即是美。 60. Better a little fire to warm us, than a great fire to burn us. 宁要小火暖身，不要大火灼人。

61. Better a little loss than a long sorrow. 宁可作点牺牲，不要长久悲痛。 62. Better ask twice than lose your way once. 问路两次胜过迷路一次。

63. Better be sure than sorry. 要安全，不要危险。 64. Better early than late. 宁早勿迟。

65. Better late than never. 这到总比不到强。 66. Better lost than found. 宁可丢掉，不愿找到。

（常针对不喜欢的人或物。） 67. Better safe than sorry. 安全胜过遗憾。

68. Better small fish than empty dish. 盘中小鱼胜无鱼。 69. Better the last smile than the first laughter. 笑在前不如笑在后。

70. Better to ask the way than go astray. 多问不吃亏。 71. Better to be safe than sorry. 安全胜过遗憾。

72. Better to do well than to say well. 嘴勤不如手勤。 73. Better to have than wish. 现有胜过心想。

74. Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。 75. Bite off more than one can chew. 贪多嚼不烂。

76. Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 77. Books and frie。

4. 英语四级作文常用到的谚语有哪些

1. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。

2. No pains, no gains.没有付出就没有收获。3. Constant dripping wears away a stone.水滴石穿，绳锯木断。

4. Care and diligence bring luck.谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。5. Genius is nothing but labor anddiligence.天才不过是勤奋而已。

6. Great hopes make great man.伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物。7. Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母。

8. No rose without a thorn.没有不带刺的玫瑰。9. There is no royal road to learning.书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。

10. No way is impossible to courage.勇者无惧。11. Success belongs to the persevering.坚持就是胜利。

12. The finest diamond must be cut.玉不琢，不成器。13. Adversity makes a man wise, not rich.逆境出人才。

5. 英语四六级的作文有哪些谚语好句子

A bad beginning makes a bad ending。

恶其始者必恶其终。 A bad bush is better than the open field。

有胜于无。 A bad conscience is a snake in one''s heart。

做贼心虚。 A bad padlock invites a picklock。

开门揖盗。 A bad penny always turns up。

A bad thing never dies。 坏事传千年。

A bad workman quarrels with his tools。 拙匠常怨工具差（人笨怨刀钝）。

A bargain is a bargain。 达成的协议不可撕毁。

A beggar''s purse is bottomless。 乞丐的钱袋是无底洞。

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush。 双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。

A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk。 闻其歌知其鸟，听其言知其人。

A bird may be known by its song。 什么鸟唱什么歌。

A bit in the morning is better than nothing all day。 略有胜于全无。

A blind man who leans against a wall imagines that it''s the boundary of the world。 坐井观天。

A book is the same today as it always was and it will never change。 一本好书今天如此，将来也如此，永不改变。

A book that remains shut is but a block。 有书闭卷不阅读，无异是一块木头。

A borrowed cloak does not keep one warm。 借来的斗篷不暖身。

Absence sharpens love, presence strengthens it。 相聚爱益切，离别情更深。

A burden of one''s choice is not felt。 自己选的担子不嫌重。

A burnt child dreads the fire。 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。

Adversity is a good discipline。 苦难是磨练人的好机会。

Adversity leads to prosperity。 逆境迎向昌盛。

Adversity makes a man wise, not rich。 患难使人聪明，但不能致富。

Adversity makes strange bedfellows。 身处逆境不择友。

Adversity successfully overcome is the highest glory。 成功地克服困难是最大的光荣。

A fair death honours the whole life。 死得光明，终身荣耀。

A fair face may hide a foul heart。 人不可貌相。

A faithful friend is hard to find。 益友难得。

A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit。 吃一堑，长一智。

A friend exaggerates a man''s virtue, an enemy his crimes。 朋友宣扬人的美德，敌人夸大人的罪过。

A friend in court is better than a penny in purse。 曩中有钱，不如朝中有友。

A friend in need is a friend indeed。 患难朋友才是真朋友。

A friend is a second self。 朋友是另一个我。

A friend is best found in adversity。 患难见真友。

Behind bad luck comes good luck。 塞翁失马，焉知非福。

Be honest rather clever。 诚实比聪明更要紧。

Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle。 随遇而安。

Be just to all, but trust not all。 要公正对待所有的人，但不要轻信所有的人。

Believe no tales from the enemy。 切莫轻信敌人。

Believe not all that you see nor half what you hear。 眼见的不能全信，耳闻的也不能半信。

Believe somebody on his bare word。 人言无据，切勿轻信。

Benefits please like flowers, while they are fresh。 恩泽让人欣喜，犹如鲜花使人心醉。

Be prepared to put one''s hand in one''s pocket。 准备慷慨解囊。

Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing。 选择朋友要审慎，摒弃更要审又慎。

Be slow to promise and quick to perform。 不轻诺，诺必果。

Be swift to hear, slow to speak。 多听少说。

6. 英语谚语 30句左右就够了

Doing the best at this moment puts in the best place for the next moment. 这一刻全力以赴，下一刻成就最佳。

Old friends and old wine are best. 陈酒味醇， 老友情深。A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near. 海内存知己， 天涯若比邻。

A man knows his companion in a long journey and a little inn. 路遥知马力， 日久见人心。For a congenial friend a thousand toasts are too few; in a disagreeable conversation one word more is too many. 酒逢知己千杯少，话不投机半句多。

While there is life, there is hope.有生命就有希望/留得青山在，不怕没柴烧Great hopes make great man. 伟大的理想造就伟大的人。East or west, home is best.东好西好，还是家里最好。

Better late than never.迟做总比不做好；晚来总比不来好。Knowing something of everything and everything of something.通百艺而专一长。

Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。God could not be everywhere and therefore he made mothers.上帝不能无处不在，因此他创造了母亲。

A good mother is worth a hundred schoolmaster. 一位好母亲抵得上一百个教师。 Nothing is impossible.没有什么是不可能的。

It is during our darkest moments that we must focus to see the light.黑暗过后必将迎来光明。

7. 求英语四级能用到的经典的proverb.

中文谚语（英文译文附后）

1. 见机行事。

2. 兵不厌诈。

3. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

4. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

5. 不问就听不到假话。

6. 情人眼里出西施。

7. 血浓于水。

8. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。

9. 简洁是智慧的灵魂。

10.公事公办。

11.车到山前必有路。

12.巧妇难为无米之炊。

13.笨鸟先飞。

14.精诚所至，金石为开。

15.置之死地而后生。

16.滴水穿石。

17.习惯成自然。

18.以其人之道，还治其人之身。

19.血债要用血来还。

20.隔行如隔山。

1. Act according to circumstances.

2. All is fair in war.

3. As long as the green hills last, there'll always be wood to burn.

4. As you sow, so shall you reap.

5. Ask no questions and be told no lies.

6. Beauty lies in lover's eye.

7. Blood is thicker than water.

8. A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near.

9. Brevity is the soul of wit.

10.Business is business.

11.The cart will find its way round the hill when it gets there.

12. he cleverest housewife cannot cook a meal without rice.

13. Clumsy birds have to start flying early.

14. Complete sincerity can affect even metal and stone.

15. Confront a person with the danger of death and he will fight to live.

16. Constant dripping wears away the stone.

17. Custom is a second nature.

18. Deal with a man as he deals with you.

19. Debts of blood must be paid in blood.

20. Different trades are separated as by mountains

8. 急求 大学英语四级写作便于引用的36个经典谚语、句式

a bad workman always blames his tools. 不会撑船怪河弯。

a bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush. 一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。 a boaster and a liar are cousins-german. 吹牛与说谎本是同宗。

a bully is always a coward. 色厉内荏。 a burden of one's choice is not felt. 爱挑的担子不嫌重。

a candle lights others and consumes itself. 蜡烛照亮别人，却毁灭了自己。 a cat has 9 lives. 猫有九条命。

a cat may look at a king. 人人平等。 a close mouth catches no flies. 病从口入。

a constant guest is never welcome. 常客令人厌。 actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

adversity leads to prosperity. 穷则思变。 adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才。

a fair death honors the whole life. 死得其所，流芳百世。 a faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。

a fall into a pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。 a fox may grow gray, but never good. 江山易改，本性难移。

a friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 a friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。

a friend is never known till a man has need. 需要之时方知友。 a friend without faults will never be found. 没有十全十美的朋友。

'after you' is good manners. “您先请”是礼貌。 a good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。

a good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 a good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。

a good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好书，相伴一生。 a good conscience is a soft pillow. 不做亏心事，不怕鬼叫门。

a good fame is better than a good face. 美名胜过美貌。 a good husband makes a good wife. 夫善则妻贤。

a good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 a good wife health is a man's best wealth. 妻贤身体好是男人最大的财富。

a great talker is a great liar. 说大话者多谎言。 a hedge between keeps friendship green. 君子之交淡如水。

a joke never gains an enemy but loses a friend. 戏谑不能化敌为友，只能使人失去朋友。 a leopard cannot change its spots. 积习难改。

a liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 a light heart lives long. 静以修身。

a little body often harbors a great soul. 浓缩的都是精品。 a little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。

a little pot is soon hot. 狗肚子盛不得四两油。 all are brave when the enemy flies. 敌人逃窜时，人人都成了勇士。

all good things come to an end. 天下没有不散的筵席。 all rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。

all roads lead to rome. 条条大路通罗马。 all that ends well is well. 结果好，就一切都好。

all that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不一定都是金子。 all things are difficult before they are easy. 凡事总是由难而易。

all work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 a man becomes learned by asking questions. 不耻下问才能有学问。

a man can do no more than he can. 凡事都应量力而行。 a man cannot spin and reel at the same time. 一心不能二用。

a man is known by his friends. 什么人交什么朋友。 a man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeds. 光说空话不做事，犹如花园光长刺。

a man without money is no man at all. 一分钱难倒英雄汉。 a merry heart goes all the way. 心旷神怡，事事顺利。

a miss is as good as a mile. 失之毫厘，差之千里。 a mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。

an apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。 a new broom sweeps clean. 新官上任三把火。

an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. 以眼还眼，以牙还牙。 an hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 一日之计在于晨。

an old dog cannot learn new tricks. 老狗学不出新把戏。 an ounce of luck is better than a pound of wisdom. 聪明才智，不如运气。

an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. 预防为主，治疗为辅。 a rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔，转业不聚财。

as a man sows, so he shall reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 a single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。

a snow year, a rich year. 瑞雪兆丰年。 a sound mind in a sound body. 健全的精神寓于健康的身体。

a still tongue makes a wise head. 寡言者智。

9. 英语四级作文常用加分谚语有哪些

1。

Practice makes perfect。 熟能生巧。

2。God helps those who help themselves。

天助自助者。 3。

Easier said than done。 说来容易做来难。

4。Where there is a will, there is a way。

有志者事竟成 5。 Experience is the mother of wisdom。

实践出真知。 6。

All work and no play makes jack a dull boy。 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

7。 More hasty, less speed。

欲速则不达。 8。

It's never too old to learn。 活到老，学到老。

9。A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step。

千里之行始于足下。 10。

Look before you leap。 三思而后行。

11。 Rome was not built in a day。

伟业非一日之功。 12。

It is hard to please all。 众口难调。

13。 Out of sight, out of mind。

眼不见，心不念。 14。

First things first。 凡事有轻重缓急。

15。 A friend in need is a friend indeed。

患难见真情。 16。

Adversity makes a man wise, not rich。 逆境出人才。

17。 Actions speak louder than words。

事实胜于雄辩。 18。

Like and like make good friends。 趣味相投。

19。As the tree, so the fruit。

种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。